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Centre Maurice-Halbwachs
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19 Projects, page 1 of 4
  • Funder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-12-JSH1-0003
    Funder Contribution: 186,420 EUR

    Confronted for forty years with an increase in the number of separating couples, family policies in Europe and North America tend to converge, which makes it all the more necessary to compare them. In that perspective, this pluridisciplinary research program, involving legal scientists, political scientists and sociologists, will study family policies from the courtrooms which deal with the mass litigation of separating couples. Following an exploratory inquiry in French and Quebec courtrooms, we will carry out an ambitious comparison between these two territories (France and Quebec), which are both endowed with extended prerogatives in the matter of family law, and belong to a common legal tradition. Three hypotheses serve us as a starting point : first, the decreasing role of legal norms in public action, reflected by the progressive dejudiciarization of divorce and separation proceedings ; second, the lessening power of judges, faced with the promotion of agreements between the parties ; third, the part played by justice in the strengthening or the weakening of social inequalities, especially between men and women, at a moment of their lives when domestic economy is reconfigured. In order to test theses hypotheses, this research program resorts to three approaches : an inquiry on the international circulation of the instruments of family law ; an ethnographic research in seven courts of justice ; the development and the analysis of a database drawn from a sample of judiciary files recorded in these courts. The originality of this research program relies first on the combination of methods which will be implemented, favourable to a greater cumulativity of results. Second, we intend to study both the separations of married and un-married couples, whereas a large part of the literature is focused only on divorces. The use of judiciary ethnography, which is still rather uncommon, is another specific feature of this research, especially as it combines the observation of hearings, complemented by the reading of the corresponding files and by interviews with the judges. The quantitative analysis of judiciary files will also deal with a crucial lack of data : it will enable us to link proceeding data and the socio-demographic characteristics of the separating couples, in order to objectivate the social and judiciary determinants of separation proceedings. The international comparison will not only aim at comparing the general framing of family policies, but also intends to produce an in-depth and multi-sited ethnography based on a common research protocol. The French and Quebec research teams, which have already been working together, have defined common principles of coordination : a mutualisation of the research materials, the building of bridges between the two countries and between the three dimensions of the research, and the circulation of the researchers between France and Quebec. In both places, contacts have already been made with judiciary institutions : the access to the data, according to norms approved by them, has already been ensured. This research finally aims at developing knowledge on the contribution of the actors and the activity of justice to public policies and to family configurations, and will result in several academic publications, as well as in dissemination towards justice professionals and a wider public.

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  • Funder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-24-CE41-4991
    Funder Contribution: 356,534 EUR

    This project focuses on family budgets, defined here as all monetary and non-monetary ways of "making ends meet", with an emphasis on the small middle classes, understood as households with a standard of living below the median but above the monetary poverty line. They have been the subject of few recent studies, particularly in contemporary France. How can we organize our domestic economy in the face of substantial increases in food and fuel prices in the short term, the introduction of low-emission zones (ZFE) for automobiles, and energy prices and constraints for real estate? How, then, are we to think about the future of future generations, and of our children in particular? To address these issues, the project proposes to carry out monographs of families surveyed using the ethno-accounting method, which, in the tradition of Leplaysian surveys, consists of reconstructing budgets by means of statements commented on by the people concerned, supplementing the monetary dimension by taking into account other aspects that make it possible to maintain these budgets (use of time, menus, public services), and giving a place to tastes and to the devices and objects of daily life. This method is complemented by the use of national public surveys (INSEE Family Budget survey, Transport survey for automobile equipment, demographic sample for professional trajectories), which allow us to give orders of magnitude, to frame the rise in generality, and to reflect on the categories mobilized by the interested parties as much as by national surveys. The project pays particular attention to career paths, ecological changes and evolving gender relations.

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  • Funder: French National Research Agency (ANR) Project Code: ANR-18-CE26-0003
    Funder Contribution: 172,476 EUR

    Our project addresses the contemporary changes in work and employment considered globally. To do this, he relies on a particularly evocative case: that of the region of Tangier located at the gates of Europe, opposite Gibraltar. This region has been experiencing an exponential rise in industrial wage-earning over the past twenty years, associated with strong migration movements, both internal and external to Morocco, and the establishment of "free zones" where many large international companies have settled, particularly in the automotive sector: equipment manufacturers, as well as the Renault manufacturer. This development is currently expanding, including the Peugeot manufacturer who moved to Kenitra, further south. Our project is based on first inquiries, which allowed us to draw up the general framework of the project, by identifying the economic and social constraints that weigh on this development and by identifying the wage and industrial model specific to the free zones of the region of Tangier. We now intend to develop a second, more anthropological part of the research, in order to appreciate more finely the scope and the limits of this movement of salarization, lived by the employees whom we interviewed as the access to a "new world". It is about understanding the impact of this experience on employees' lives, their individual and collective learning and the social horizons they envisage. We will be able then to interpret this "new world" and question the durability of this wage installation, and the way in which it redesigns the perspectives maintained with respect to the work, the family, the couple, the citizenship, but also to Europe and migration. What is this new form of globalization of work inventing at the gates of Europe? Are these jobs perceived, valued and invested as waiting positions, for want of better, temporary springboards, substitutes of Europe, or are their forms (salary, time, civil, interactional, etc.) invested more sustainably? This will include studying to what extent the new industrial "habitus" transform the social representations of the populations concerned in other spheres of their lives that the actual plant. In this respect, it will be necessary to consider in a differentiated way the destinies male and feminine, but also their crossing and their combination through the matrimonial choices of the ones and the others. Complementary research in areas of emigration to Tangier such as Oujda or in areas close to the Tangier model, such as Kenitra, will allow us to identify more generally the general dynamics at work in Morocco, which seems to be today one of the places where is invented a new wage-earning, which must be seized at the scale of the globe

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  • Funder: Swiss National Science Foundation Project Code: 202930
    Funder Contribution: 110,600
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  • Funder: Swiss National Science Foundation Project Code: 168859
    Funder Contribution: 84,037
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