At a time when we reflect much on the issue of social cohesion, on the influence of architecture in lifestyles and on relationships between neighborhoods within large modern cities, our project aims to approach the study of "inhabitating modes" at the beginning of the Roman Empire. The first century of our era is indeed a pivotal moment in the process of redefining identities, thanks to the Roman conquest of a good part of the Mediterranean. The case of Herculaneum (in Southern Italy) is in this respect a "laboratory" to investigate. Since it disappeared during the eruption of the Vesuvius in 79 AD, which also buried Pompeii, this ancient city has been relatively spared from archaeological and historical studies in favor of its famous neighbor. To date, most of the buildings are still unseen and there is no recent general synthesis pertaining to the habitat and lifestyle of the Herculaneum society. However, the exceptional preservation of the archaeological site and the abundance of archival documentation would enable a systematic analysis of buildings, furniture and décors and sculptures, returnable within their original context : such data could feed a larger study on social sciences and history issues, while engaging the study of life, social fabric, as well as the specifics of Herculaneum compared to other Campanian cities, including Pompeii. Led by a European (France-Italy) and interdisciplinary team (archeology, archaeometry, ancient history, history of archeology, art history, anthropology), this research program will work in stages, leading to completion: 1 - A study of architectural structures and décors of the city of Herculaneum 2 - A protocol of analysis of “décors in context” in a socio-cultural perspective (knowledge of the social environment and its inhabitants) 3 - An enhancement of the heritage of Herculaneum and a lecture of domestical surroundings through 3D renditions of buildings. 4 - A reflection on the interactions and social mixity within ancient urban landscape. Vesuvia project is innovative in that it seeks to transcend traditional disciplinary compartimentalization by combining all available sources on an ancient site. The purpose is to produce a comprehensive analysis centered on ancient urban society, but also to be attentive to different readings and interpretations that have been rendered since the eighteenth century. So far, the study of the Roman people’s material cultures has been little exploited as a source within a socio-historical study, historians focusing generally on written sources. This primacy of literary and epigraphic documents could be countered, in Herculaneum, by the wealth of material source, which prove more numerous and more reliable than literary sources in particular, in regards to the study of domestic life. Though some attemps were made to exploit material cultures in the analysis of the Pompeii, they strangely enough chose to exclude any analysis of décors (murals, mosaics, sculpture), despite the amount of information provided by such living environment on the social status of the people, the occupation of space by individual inhabitants (by gender, social origin and place in the familia) and circulation within the house. The Vesuvia project is also innovative in that it aims to use the tools and analytical frameworks of contemporary geographers and anthropologists so as to establish clear pattern of people-city interactions within an ancient society. It outlines the social mixity and "gendered" occupation of urban space. It also mobilizes the most cutting-edge technologies in terms of analysis of both techniques of ancient décor (with LRMH) and 3-D reconstructions (with Archéotransfert) in order to provide the public with a renewed and live vision of the ancient city Herculaneum, with a concern for the development and dissemination of scientific research.

The study of discourse is of particular interest for understanding the linguistic and cognitive difficulties of people with neurodegenerative diseases. Analyzing fluency and disfluencies (hesitations, reformulations, interruptions, errors, pauses, prosodic organization) in such studies is particularly crucial since they reflect a good command of language skills and allow us to distinguish between different types of impairments, in particular with regard to primary progressive aphasias (PPA). These are characterized by predominant deficits in language skills and are considered as atypical variants of Alzheimer's disease on the one hand and frontotemporal dementias on the other. A distinction is made between fluent - semantic and logopenic - and non-fluent variants of PPA. In an elderly population with or without neurodegenerative pathology (typical or atypical Alzheimer's disease and front-temporal dementias), this project aims to: 1) characterize the nature of the disfluencies observed during oral production of discourse and during reading; 2) specify the understanding of their neural and cognitive causes according to the type of disorders; 3) investigate the impact of a potential history of oral or written language developmental disorders on their manifestations.

We cannot wait much longer. The Bassar region in Northern Togo is an exceptional place to study the history of ironworkers and the impact of their activities on the society and the environment. In spite of the disappearance of traditional ironworking, its memory is still alive and regularly studied and the high quality of Bassar ore still attracts modern industry. This human and cultural heritage will soon be lost if an international (France, Togo, the United States) and interdisciplinary (ethnology, archaeology, archaeometry, geology, metallurgy, geography and anthracology) team is not deployed to this region. Previously completed and current research will allow us to get straight to the essentials. After agriculture, iron metallurgy profoundly revolutionized the organization, economy and technology of human communities. Its widespread adoption forever transformed soils and landscapes. These effects are currently accepted today, but the scale, intensity and chronology are still not well understood in many respects. The Bassar region offers a unique framework for advancing on these issues. The SIDERENT project is diachronic and its main aims are: - To study the technoly, volume and quality of the iron produced; - To study the methods of natural resource exploitation; - To study the impact of this ironworking on the society and the environment. The central pillar of the SIDERENT project, on which its strength and its ambitions are based, is thus to answer important questions about the interactions of Humans and the Environment by the close collaboration of all relevant science domains (human, natural and physical).

The aim of the project RESOCIT is to analyse relational logics of scientific citations and references. It is a continuation, but also an alternative to recent works on social networks of scientific citations which analyse formal aspects of combination of intellectual sphere (citations) and social sphere (collaborations). Our project is innovative on two sides. Firstly, we consider citations as elements of relational dynamism and not only as indicators. Citations and references are an opportunity for scholars to build ties with others scholars or groups of scholars, to reinforce them, and sometimes to lighten them. Secondly, our methodology consists in elaborating a “mixed method” (quantitative and qualitative, synchronous and diachronous). This method is based on selecting a corpus of scientific publications and making interviews with their authors. Our objective is 1) to use scientific citations as name generators to understand the socio-cognitive network of the publication (intellectual, professional and social); 2) to complete this analyse with relational studies of publication process (writing, evaluation, cooperation, funding, links with previous and later publications); 3) to survey the diffusion of citations with particular attention to actors, supports and temporality of mediation chains that they draw. We will gathered 4 corpus of international scientific publications from the Web of Science of Thomson Reuters (N=150), from natural sciences (chemistry and biology) and social sciences (economy and sociology). In this project, citations (with all their social substance) are seen as an expression of scientific sociability and potential vector of transformation of scientific groups. The objective is to show that published texts determinate, consolidate or even undo relations between groups of scientists. Few works pay attention to relational circles of scholars and few of them use citations to understand these relations. When they do it, they tend to consider citations like indicators of visibility (impact factors) or like indicators of specialities (co-citations). The objective in this project is, to the contrary, to highlight the social and relational substance of citations practices. The purpose of this project is to develop a new mixed method of relational analyse of scientific citations which open new perspectives: better knowledge on scientific social network but also new tools for research evaluation. Indeed, because citations are more and more used as indicators for evaluating scientific activity, a qualitative and relational analyse is necessary for better understanding the bases of these practices.

How, exactly, do we know who’s related to us? One answer may seem obvious: we know who our relatives are because we were told as much during childhood. Nonetheless, we are capable (as are myriad non-human species) of implicitly detecting kinship from multiple cues. The information resulting from the processing of these signals can have numerous implications, which have rarely been studied by psychologists up until now. This project will overcome the limitations of previous works by drawing on by capitalizing on the methods for studying moral cognition, developed in psychology and behavioural economics, while integrating them with an evolutionary approach to human behaviour. The objective of the K2MC project is to improve our understanding of the cognitive processes involved in kinship detection, in order to shed light on their cognitive and behavioural consequences in the moral domain.The project is groundbreaking in three important ways: (i) it will resolve whether humans can recognize kinship without direct familiarity by testing phenotypic matching mechanisms in different ways, (ii) it will use sophisticated computer-graphics methods to manipulate the kinship cues using photorealistic static facial images, and (iii) it will test kin recognition mechanisms and certain behavior in all of the individuals from the same nuclear family (adults and youths). The K2MC Research Program will focus on one of the most important physical traits for countless aspects of social interaction and non-verbal communication: the face. People undeniably pay attention to faces, and facial resemblance is probably the most commonly used physical kinship cue. Many recent studies have reported both that facial similarity strongly predicts third-party relatedness assessment of faces, and that an individual who interacts with a self-resembling face is more likely to trust and find self-resembling opposite-sex faces relatively unattractive in mating contexts, as compared with pro-social context. The proposed project is in line with this finding and consists of three work packages. In the first two work packages, we will test the influence of facial resemblance on a wide panel of behaviors. In Work Package 1, we will apply the new manipulations developed on the facial kinship cues to protocols borrowed from behavioural economics, in order to investigate the effect of facial resemblance on morally-laden economic decision (having to do, for example, with altruism, equity, or collaboration). Work Package 2, will apply these manipulations to protocols borrowed from moral psychology. These experiments will lay bare the effects of facial resemblance on moral dilemmas (e.g., is it acceptable to sacrifice one life in order to save many?), as well as on the aversion triggered by various categories of moral violations (having to do, for example, with fairness or purity). Work Package 3 will examine potential moderators of the effects obtained in the first two work packages. The goal of the work package will be to identify intra- and interindividual factors that improve, impair, or block kinship detection; and that accordingly improve, impair, or block its effects on moral cognition. The K2MC project thus has the ambition to provide the most complete characterization so far of the influence of facial resemblance on moral cognition. This characterization would be a critical contribution both to our understanding of kinship recognition mechanisms, and to our understanding of moral judgment and behaviour.