Looting and trafficking of cultural heritage from conflict areas to the European markets stand for an increasing phenomenon with strong consequences in terms of security, economics, culture and society. Smugglers take advantage of disparate frameworks, providing the artefacts with a fake background in order to give them the appearance of legality, before proposing them to the market. Although the protagonists in the fight (law enforcement agencies, justice, structures devoted to cultural heritage, art market) can know each other, the potential for cooperation still remains underexploited: time, resources and space limitations, discrepancies between approaches, practices and work cultures. The gap which is noticeable at the national level gets broader at the European scale. Nevertheless, each of those professional bodies is keeping a part of the solution: resource inventory, knowledge of the artefacts, production areas and fraudulent cases, proof culture, rates and trends changing. A cooperation protocol as well as a Pan-European collaborative tool for control, able to cross investigation data, are strongly required. POLAR project (“POLice and ARchaeology against cultural heritage trafficking”) was born in 2016 through the National Council of Scientific Research “Attentats Recherche” special call for proposals. It aims to identify relevant structures and tools, facilitating dialogue between professional spheres (methodology sharing, legal frameworks, slowdown levers identification). It is composed of three phases: Understand, Act and Prevent. As POLAR implies to work at the European level, an international consortium is currently built in keeping with professional divisions such as LEAs/Justice/Cultural Heritage/Art Market. The Cultural Heritage team maps the “artefacts in peril” as presented on the ICOM Red Lists. A digital tool will be built in order to find occurrences on Internet and to compare the proposed background to the archaeological evidences. In so doing, the protocol will reinforce the expertise and detect possibly fraudulent cases. If needed and according to the recognitions, a warning notice could be transmitted to the authorities. The approach will offer guarantees to honest buyers and sellers, avoiding the potential misfortunes related to ancient transactions led without due diligence and facilitating the lasting recovery of misled-traceability works of art, bringing the proof of the ancient provenance. POLAR will lead to training and information actions in a complex and unknown field. The dissemination phase implies to explore restitution ways for saved artefacts. Those actions will help to know more about them and to raise public awareness. Outputs are expected in the field of security, economics, society and culture. POLAR manages a large quantity of data, opening up fieldworks and enable the expression of innovative methodologies in order to face a security challenge. This cooperation is brand new in its form and breadth. A consultation about frames, methods and strategy is required to tackle the European scale. The planned call for the proposal is SU-FCT03-2018 (republished in 2019-2020): Information and data stream management to fight against (cyber)crime and terrorism. The ANR MRSEI tool seems to be the appropriate launch pad in order to lead the preliminary discussions, reinforce the consortium and provide it with the dedicated working space. The project also meets the needs of the SU-TRANSFORMATIONS-09-2018 call, whose topic is « Social platform on endangered cultural heritage and on illicit trafficking of cultural goods ». For this one, the deadline for submission is 13 March 2018, without assurance of renewal, which imply a more tightened calendar.

Sharing and reuse of archaeological or historical data: a RDF-based description according to semantic web repositories and standards The HisArc-RDF project brings together a multidisciplinary consortium: archaeology, history, geography, terminology, bibliography and informatics. The pooling of experiences, based on the sharing and articulation of methods and software and semantic tools developed in each discipline, will make it possible to prototype (implementation and iterative tests) a "FAIR" operating chain on structurally and semantically heterogeneous archaeological and historical data sets: - to write a data management plan (DMP) for each dataset, based on the recommendations of the European Union and the french National Open Science Plan; - to develop two softwares : the first one operating a webservice between the OntoME tools (matching ontologies tool) designed by a community of historians and Opentheso (aligning thesauri tool) designed with a community of archaeologists; the second one creating a generic supervised automatic alignment interface between Opentheso and any semantic web repository; - to document each test set by a fine-grained processing chain, based on the use of microthesauri, descriptor concepts aligned with semantic web repositories, and then on the matching of the ontology expressed by the thesauri with the reference standards and ontologies of the documentary and scientific communities; thanks to the software developed, this phase will lead to a RDF-structured description of the test datasets; thus allowing, after online publication, the reporting and direct reuse ("calculability") of the datas; - to lead a wide network of historical and archaeological stakeholders (repository supports, multidisciplinary research groups, programmed and preventive archaeologies, European and non-European sites, academic and private stakeholders) through a training programme and experimental workshops, in order to disseminate the good practices supported and expressed by the operating chain and the tools developed during the project. The foundation of the HisArc-RDF project is threefold: a convergence of views born from the confrontation of multidisciplinary practices and experiences around the life cycle of data, from its acquisition to its publication, sharing and mediation; an acculturation of archaeological and historical communities to the practical and scientific challenge of aligning their vocabularies on semantic web core repositories; and finally the need for a processing chain capable of appropriation by these communities - i. e.i.e. as close as possible to business practices and work in the field and laboratories. The outcome of the project will be the realization and open publication of a methodology and associated tools in order to implement in our disciplines an ecosystem of "FAIR" data production, publication and sharing. It will be based on a proof of concept: the targeted user experience is the sharing and effective reuse of data extracted from recording systems (raw data), regardless of the structure specific to a particular database; it is the responsibility of each operating interface/visualization to pick them up and configure them to allow their reuse. The rapid implementation of these linked open data will be at the service of the widest possible academic audience: students, museums and research teams.