In recent years, the importance of knowledge has tremendously increased in a wide array of economic activities. In parallel, employment relationships seem to have become more instable than they used to do be. The question we want to tackle in this project is: are these two changes related in any way? What is the impact of faster knowledge accumulation on the length of careers? More specifically, to what extent have long careers within firms (characteristic of internal labour markets) decreased in favour of short-term contracts implying frequent hiring and firing of workers on the external labour market? In order to investigate the dynamics of internal and external labour markets in a context in which innovation and knowledge are becoming key production factors, we will proceed through three steps. First, we will investigate the impact of technological and organisational innovations upon the relative importance of internal versus external labour market adjustments. Following the adoption of new technologies and innovative work practices, firms face higher skill requirements. They may either hire the new skills on the external labour market or promote and train their own workers, thus relying on the working of the internal labour market. Our research will permit to assess the relative importance of each of these strategies. Moreover, one may wonder how exemplary the French situation may be. France is well-known for having rather rigid labour market institutions: employment protection legislation (EPL) is more stringent than in many OECD countries and wage compression is strong, at least compared to Anglo-Saxon countries. This raises the question of whether the relative scope of internal versus external labour markets may be in some way related to labour market institutions. In order to investigate this issue, we will try to apply the same methodology as mentioned above to a country with much weaker EPL than France in order to see whether the same trends are at work, in countries characterised by different labour market institutions. A second part of the analysis will consider the potential impact of human resources upon firms' innovative capacity. This question has two dimensions, one related to the external labour market, while the second one has to do with the role of the internal labour market as a skill provider. A first line of analysis will consider the influence of the supply of education at the local level upon the adoption of new technologies and new forms of work organisation by firms. The second way for firms to get the skills they need to innovate is to rely on the internal labour market. This dimension of the relationship between human capital and technological adoption has not been investigated so far in the literature. However, it is likely to be an important determinant of firms' ability to innovate. In this second part of the research, we will try to disentangle the respective role of the external and internal supply of skills in forging firms' capacity to innovate. In the third part of the research, we will consider not only the flows of new knowledge, but also the role of the stock of knowledge itself. It is presumably an important production factor and the forms of knowledge management chosen by firms are likely to affect both their productive efficiency and their choice in terms of human resource strategies. A first line of research will investigate the determinants of knowledge management. To what extent do firms codify their knowledge in rules and procedures rather than keeping it tacit? How does this relate to the adoption of new technologies and to the increasing competitive pressure? What is the impact of this choice in terms of employment relations? These are the questions we will try to answer as a first step. As a second step, we will consider a more indirect mechanism through which knowledge management could affect the balance between internal versus external labour markets. If tacit knowledge is particularly important in the production process, the assets of the firms are likely to be intangible. In this case, access to external finance may be a problem which is likely to affect, in turn, the forms of human resource management chosen by firms. Overall, with this research, we expect to improve our understanding of the dynamics of employment relations and of the working of labour markets in a context of deep economic changes and increasing market competition.

Transitioning to diets with less animal-based and more plant-based food is crucial for addressing environmental and health concerns. Although nutrition behaviour has been extensively studied in the literature, fewer studies have been carried out on the determinants of meat consumption. To fill this gap, the NO-MORE-MEAT project aims to study both the psychological and structural factors influencing meat consumption to develop effective behaviour change interventions. The project is organised as follows: 1. Observational Studies (WP1): Online surveys and semi-directive interviews will identify psychological and structural factors related to meat consumption. Participants will be recruited from an open web cohort (NutriNet-Santé study), including students from disadvantaged neighbourhoods and through a panel company. 2. Interventional Studies (WP2): Laboratory-based behaviour change interventions will be developed and tested to assess their impact on psychological factors and meat consumption. Participants will be recruited through a panel company. 3. Protocol Development (WP3): A theory- and evidence-based behaviour change intervention targeting meat consumption reduction and its evaluation (a longitudinal follow-up) will be developed based on WP1 and WP2 results ad will be developed through participatory research. Open Science and Risk Management: The proposal follows open science principles, with materials and data being made available. Moreover, concerns about recruitment bias and ethical issues are addressed, with plans to ensure diverse participant recruitment and ethical approval. Relevance to Research Theme: The research project aligns with the theme of “Santé publique, santé et sociétés” by exploring factors and determinants of health, including the impact of meat consumption on health and sustainability. The project aims to contribute to public policy strategies on promoting healthy and sustainable eating.

Despite the severe clinical impact of socioemotional difficulties in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), objective behavioral markers of social impairment are lacking. One of the two core symptoms of depression, anhedonia, the lack of motivation and/or pleasure in rewarding activities, has been suggested as a major determinant of altered social behavior, including decision-making in socioemotional contexts. On the other hand, there is suggestive evidence that anhedonia is also associated with measurable changes in postural and gait parameters in depression. The WANDERS project aims at examining the relationship between anhedonia, posture and gait, and socioemotional decision making. Based on our theoretical model, we hypothesize that anhedonia in the general population and in individuals with MDD causes changes in both posture/gait parameters and socio-emotional decision-making due to common neural determinants in fronto-striatal dopaminergic circuits. In the first work package (WP1), we will induce reduced positive affect (anhedonia) in healthy participants via sleep deprivation to experimentally test our hypothesis. Participants will perform a social decision-making task, consisting in approaching or avoiding emotional individuals in virtual reality (VR) while three-dimensional (3D) motion parameters are recorded. WP1 will elucidate the relationship between anhedonia, postural and gait changes, and socioemotional decisions in the general population by combining VR, 3D motion analysis, and computational models. WP2 will translate these findings into the clinic to generalize the results of WP1 to a sample of MDD patients. The WANDERS project fits within the scope of the CES 28 by investigating a central dimension of human sociality in both healthy and clinical populations. This will help establishing a novel framework for understanding the affective determinants of social decisions and unravel objective behavioral markers of the quality of social life. The solid background of the scientific coordinator, together with the decisive help of a high-quality interdisciplinary network of collaborators, will allow realizing the project.