ECOBOOM project proposes an analysis of the contemporary transformations of the mining sector in the energy transition, and its effects on the modes of exploitation and the territories. It takes a North/South perspective, extending from extractive territories to national and global scales. It compares two parallel but connected extractive processes in the global mining arena, and investigates their connections: the energy transition metals (ETMs) boom, which concerns metals such as lithium and rare earths, and artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) supply chain, which particularly affects the gold sector. This collective research is based on the central hypothesis of the ecologization of the resources, understood both as a new rhetoric aimed at making the exploitation of certain minerals 'indispensable', and as the set of institutional and technical mechanisms linked to it. This comparison between supply chains and resources aims to take into account the complex articulation between spatial scales, temporalities and levels of socio-political organization, for which a common analytical framework is mobilized. The notion of 'moral economy' allows to take into account the production, circulation and use of moral sentiments, values, norms and obligations in the global social space, which are superimposed on the traditional political economy. The notion of 'governable spaces' focuses on the impacts of these changes, both in the global mining arena and on territories. This comparative perspective places the study of the energy transition within the more systemic process of the 'great transition' in terms of North/South environmental, social and global justice. This approach responds to the issues of the "Societies and territories in transition" axis by questioning spatial transitions, identities and territorial sovereignties, the relationships between societies and territories around resource management, and the recomposition of relations between centers and peripheries introduced by the new extractive booms. The project focuses on three research axes: 1) the discourses and devices of the rhetoric of ecologization of the resources, perceived as a new global moral economy that we confront with the moral economies of the extractive sites of ETMs and ASM (gold); 2) the implementation of this ecologization in mining territories through a more localized bottom-up approach to governable spaces, which indicates both the reorganization of material flows specific to each resource and their infrastructures, and the recomposition of forms of politicization, in terms of social and environmental justice; 3) a comparative approach between supply chains aimed at determining the driving forces that orient their respective trajectories. This analysis of discursive and material circulations aims to consider the effects of decoupling between 'green' and 'dirty' supply chains, in a context of competition between extractive territories. The comparative case studies have been selected in the North and South for their complementarity, the expertise of the project members and the new orientations of national policies towards the extraction of ETMs. The main fields are France, where a collective fieldwork will be conducted to strengthen the comparison, New Caledonia, Bolivia and Ivory Coast. They will be complemented by secondary fields (Arizona, Venezuela, Senegal, Sudan) which have been selected to serve as counterpoints to the main fields or to shed light on decoupling effects. In each field, workshops will be held with the resident populations in order to exchange views on the energy transition and to carry out joint reflections towards a fair and equitable 'great transition'.