How, exactly, do we know who’s related to us? One answer may seem obvious: we know who our relatives are because we were told as much during childhood. Nonetheless, we are capable (as are myriad non-human species) of implicitly detecting kinship from multiple cues. The information resulting from the processing of these signals can have numerous implications, which have rarely been studied by psychologists up until now. This project will overcome the limitations of previous works by drawing on by capitalizing on the methods for studying moral cognition, developed in psychology and behavioural economics, while integrating them with an evolutionary approach to human behaviour. The objective of the K2MC project is to improve our understanding of the cognitive processes involved in kinship detection, in order to shed light on their cognitive and behavioural consequences in the moral domain.The project is groundbreaking in three important ways: (i) it will resolve whether humans can recognize kinship without direct familiarity by testing phenotypic matching mechanisms in different ways, (ii) it will use sophisticated computer-graphics methods to manipulate the kinship cues using photorealistic static facial images, and (iii) it will test kin recognition mechanisms and certain behavior in all of the individuals from the same nuclear family (adults and youths). The K2MC Research Program will focus on one of the most important physical traits for countless aspects of social interaction and non-verbal communication: the face. People undeniably pay attention to faces, and facial resemblance is probably the most commonly used physical kinship cue. Many recent studies have reported both that facial similarity strongly predicts third-party relatedness assessment of faces, and that an individual who interacts with a self-resembling face is more likely to trust and find self-resembling opposite-sex faces relatively unattractive in mating contexts, as compared with pro-social context. The proposed project is in line with this finding and consists of three work packages. In the first two work packages, we will test the influence of facial resemblance on a wide panel of behaviors. In Work Package 1, we will apply the new manipulations developed on the facial kinship cues to protocols borrowed from behavioural economics, in order to investigate the effect of facial resemblance on morally-laden economic decision (having to do, for example, with altruism, equity, or collaboration). Work Package 2, will apply these manipulations to protocols borrowed from moral psychology. These experiments will lay bare the effects of facial resemblance on moral dilemmas (e.g., is it acceptable to sacrifice one life in order to save many?), as well as on the aversion triggered by various categories of moral violations (having to do, for example, with fairness or purity). Work Package 3 will examine potential moderators of the effects obtained in the first two work packages. The goal of the work package will be to identify intra- and interindividual factors that improve, impair, or block kinship detection; and that accordingly improve, impair, or block its effects on moral cognition. The K2MC project thus has the ambition to provide the most complete characterization so far of the influence of facial resemblance on moral cognition. This characterization would be a critical contribution both to our understanding of kinship recognition mechanisms, and to our understanding of moral judgment and behaviour.