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Volumetric imaging is crucial to perform non-invasive inspection of biological samples or industrial components. Imaging methods must have optical sectioning capabilities and collect light only from one point or plane while rejecting light from other depths. Reconstruction of the whole volume is then obtained by axially moving the sample which may be critical for biological specimens that are immersed in aqueous media and cannot remain motionless during sample scanning. This is the case for organoids, which are multi-cellular aggregates that mimic some functions of organs in vitro. In this context, Light Field Microscopy (LFM) is a promising alternative as it provides 3D imaging in a single snapshot by inserting a micro-lens array in the image plane of a microscope. Angular information is captured for each position of the sample in the focal plane and numerical processing of a 4D light-field image provides volumetric information. Yet, LFM faces two major limitations: the low imaging depth in scattering media due to the lack of optical sectioning capabilities and the trade-off between angular and spatial information as camera sensors have limited number of pixels. The objective of our project is to overcome these two limitations with an augmented version of LFM called LIght FIeld Matrix Microscopy (LIFIMM) that will allow us to perform in-depth imaging in a single snapshot. This achievement implies three specific objectives: 1/ we will increase the amount of information captured in a single LF image using remote scanning instead of specimen displacement; 2 / a matrix formalism of wave propagation will be adapted and applied to LFM to correct aberrations and multiple scattering to image deeper; 3/ we will develop a compact version of the system to be inserted inside an incubator to image organoids for extended periods of time (>15 days).
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