The transportation system has, during the last century, undergone a significant transformation. It is now dominated by fossil fuel based propulsion machinery with the cost of fuel accounting for a large proportion of the running costs of the light and heavy duty vehicles. Against this background, recent developments have led many in the automotive industry to question whether the present modes of vehicle propulsion are sustainable due to three main factors: rising fuel, environmental regulations and the potential introduction of carbon taxes. Within the wider international debate on climate change there are increasing calls for transport vehicles to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, most notably carbon dioxide although other exhaust gases components are also included. A simultaneous exploration of clean fuel options and advanced engine technology innovations is a step forward towards sustainable vehicle propulsion systems. Hydrogen blended diesel dual fuel combustion is a viable option for future heavy duty propulsion systems as hydrogen is a clean low carbon fuel, and can be mass produced from both renewable and non-renewables sources such as water, wind, hydro-electric, biofuel, natural gas and nuclear.